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should master one style first. The choice in, the end, lies in
what kind of weapon you prefer: assault weapons or sniper weapons.
As we'll discuss later, what weapon you use greatly influences
your playing style. If you like weapons like the MP5, M4 and
Steyr Aug, then you should learn to be a good assaulter. But if
you prefer weapons like the Arctic, then camping skills will
suit you well.

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3.b -- Aiming: Accuracy and Recoil

Regardless of whether you camp or assault, the most important
skill you must learn in CS is how to aim. This is the most
crucial part of CS gameplay; if you aim well, your enemy is
toast. If your aim is lousy, you're toast. Simple. Aiming is
equally important no matter what weapon you use, it's just
that different weapons have different aiming nuances. This
will all be discussed in the individual weapon sections.

There are two very important factors to keep in mind when aiming:
accuracy and recoil. Weapons have different ratings for accuracy
and recoil.

ACCURACY
--------
Accuracy determines whether the bullet will go to the spot you're
pointing at. You can tell a gun's accuracy by the size of the
crosshair. The tighter the crosshair, the more accurate the gun.
Your bullet will tend to go in the middle radius of the crosshair's
lines. In addition, the more you shoot, the wider the crosshair
becomes, decreasing your accuracy.

RECOIL
------
Recoil is how much your gun will buck away from where you're pointing
each time you fire a shot. The stronger the recoil, the harder it is
to control the gun.

Recoil and accuracy are affected by certain things. Four things
affect accuracy:

1.) Movement
2.) Jumping
3.) Swimming
4.) Ladders

-----------------------------------------
| While moving, your accuracy goes down |
-----------------------------------------

The amount by which it decreases depends on the weapon, but in general
if you want your bullets to go where you aim, you should shoot while
standing still. While you are jumping in the air, accuracy is virtually
non-existent.

------------------------------------
| Accuracy goes down while jumping |
------------------------------------

Unless you are using a very accurate weapon and are close to your
opponent, you will likely not hit your opponent. The same goes for
swimming and being on ladders.

CS v1.1 NOTE: I have been getting reports that jumping accuracy has
increased considerably in v1.1. I have done some extensive testing,
and I have concluded this:

-------------------------------------------
| Jump accuracy has NOT improved in v1.1! |
-------------------------------------------

Yes, that's right. I am not kidding. If anything, accuracy has
actually gone DOWN while jumping. This is especially noticeable
with the MP5.

The only thing I can think of is that some people keep spraying
while jumping, and they get lucky headshots. Accuracy has
definitely not improved, at least not by my tests, or by the
experience of many of the trusted veterans at the LAN where I
play.

In fact, many of our die-hard MP5 fighters (one of whom never
touched any other gun in his CS life) have even given up on
the MP5, since their "bunny combat" technique is no longer
working as it should.

-------------------------------
| Do NOT shoot while swimming |
-------------------------------

Swimming is not being in knee-deep water, swimming is when your feet are
no longer on the floor, and your 3D model is doing a breast stroke. Do
NOT shoot while swimming and expect to hit anything, unless you are right
next to the target. Recoil is also substantially increased.

-------------------------------
| Do NOT shoot while climbing |
-------------------------------

Finally, do not shoot while on a ladder unless there is an emergency.
Your accuracy goes down a bit, and worse, recoil goes up a lot. If you
must shoot, try to get off the ladder as soon as possible before shooting,
or make sure your target is at point-blank range.

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3.b1 - The Rule of Aiming

The general rule of thumb when aiming is simple.

-----------------------------------------
| Aim for the neck area of an opponent. |
-----------------------------------------

This gives you the greatest trade off of ease to hit and damage. The
mid-section of the body is the easiest target, but you do more damage
shooting the neck area. The most important reason to aim for this
part, though, is to increase your chances of doing a head shot. A single
shot to the head is lethal for almost all guns, except those using 9mm
ammo. You could try aiming for the head, but this is harder and is
something you should focus on only after you have gained a lot of
experience. Head shot techniques will be elaborated on later.

For now, keep in mind the effect of recoil. Because of it your first bullet
may hit its target, but the next ones won't. This is very important in CS,
as one shot is often not enough to kill a fully-armored opponent. Another
bonus to shooting the neck area is that recoil tends to push assault rifles
and submachine guns upward. Thus, your first shot may hit the neck area, but
the next shots might be head shots.

Just keep in mind the effects of accuracy and recoil, and you will
be on the road to mastering aiming.

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3.c -- Basic Shooting Styles

The next consideration to learning the basic skill of aiming is that
there are two basic methods of shooting: auto-fire and single-fire.
People usually adopt one of these two methods due to their weapons;
someone using an MP5 will more likely use auto-fire, while someone
using an Arctic is forced to go single-fire.

Auto-fire pertains to shooting at a target repeatedly as long as the
ammo holds out. Single-fire is shooting single shots to hit the
opponent, often done while sniping. Someone going assault usually
utilizes auto-fire.

I've noticed that most people prefer either auto-fire or single-fire.
Those that prefer auto usually go assault and master the MP5, Carbine,
Steyr Aug, or Commando. Those that go single-fire become masters of the
lethal Arctic Sniper Rifle. Each style has its strengths, and you would
do well to specialize in one style. Once you've gained familiarity with
one style, you can experiment with the other.

--------------------------------------------------------------
| At first, pick your style, auto or single, and stick to it |
--------------------------------------------------------------

AUTO-FIRE

Auto-fire gives you a higher chance of hitting the opponent, but this
is due to quantity and not quality. The more shots you fire, the more
chances you have of hitting. But each individual bullet has less
chance of hitting because of recoil. Most of the bigger guns let you
engage in auto-fire just by holding the fire button down. Pistols,
which have no automatic trigger, must be fired with rapid-succession
presses to achieve an auto-fire effect.

Auto-fire is useful in the the thick of the battle, speed is often of
the essence, he who pulls the trigger first will hit the enemy first.

However, do not be trigger happy! Because of recoil, many of your
succeeding shots will be less likely to hit the target. ALWAYS aim
carefully before pulling the trigger. Most beginners will aim in the
general direction of the target, and even before the crosshair is at
the target, will pull the trigger and never let go. This is, frankly,
a waste of ammo and a good way to get killed.

------------------------------------------------------------------
| Always put the target in the sights BEFORE pulling the trigger |
------------------------------------------------------------------

This way, you won't waste the most crucial shot -- the first one,
which has the highest likelihood of hitting. Succeeding shots
have less chance of hitting due to recoil, and it is not uncommon
for newbies to miss their target completely by just spraying their
entire clip in a haphazard manner.


SINGLE-FIRE

Single-fire is used by the more skilled as a means of precision
sniping. It is the intelligent way to get head shots. It is very
useful to keep recoil under control, making sure your shots keep
themselves on target.

Because of recoil, some veterans prefer shooting in single-fire
mode, especially when using high-recoil guns like the AK-47 and
the Para machine gun. By shooting just single bullets instead of
sprays, one can minimize the effects of recoil.

------------------------------------------------------
| Shooting single-fire reduces the effects of recoil |
------------------------------------------------------

This is because recoil effects are sharp after firing a shot, and
gradually dissipate. By firing at intervals, you give the recoil time
to dissipate. Note that this means guns with high rate of fire tend
to accumulate a lot of recoil when shot at full-auto at high speed.

All guns can be fired in single-fire, some harder than most. Pistols,
the combat shotgun and sniper rifles are easy to fire in single shots.
The assault rifles and SMGs, though need practice and a light tap on
the fire button to shoot in single-fire.

Also, single fire generally fires as fast as you can click. Of course,
the gun will still limit how fast you can fire, but in some cases you
can fire faster than the normal auto-fire trigger would allow. A good
example would be the Sig 550 Commando. The trade-off, of course, is
that you will spend some concentration on clicking the button furiously,
rather than on whatever else you're doing (like aiming at the enemy or
moving).

BURST-FIRE

Aside from the two basic styles of firing, there is a third, which
is a sort of hybrid of the two: burst-fire. Shooting in bursts of
around 3 bullets is a favored method for sniping by some, because
it allows them a better chance of hitting a target, without
sacrificing much accuracy from recoil. To achieve burst fire, use
a touch similar to single-fire, only hold the fire button slightly
longer. Of course, pistols and sniper rifles can't achieve this,
except for the Glock which has a special burst-fire option.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
3.d -- Range

After learning to aim, you need to apply your aiming skills to four
basic divisions of range: point blank, close, medium, and long. Unit
of measurement for distance is hard to define, so I will talk in terms
of landmarks on a map. Since DE_DUST is perhaps the most well-known
map, I will use it to approximate the distances. These aren't the
exact distances I prescribe for range, but are close enough.

From the primary bomb-site (the one that isn't the CT terrorist base),
imagine yourself at the edge of the map across the double doors. The
bombsite is between you and the double doors.

From this point to the bombsite is basically CLOSE range.
From the bombsite to the double doors is MEDIUM range.
Anything beyond the doubledoors is LONG range.